The wood is commonly used as fuel and for construction, and the leaves can be fed to cattle as fodder. Black mangrove avicennia africana, avicennia elliptica, avicennia floridana, avicennia nitida, avicennia oblongifolia, avicennia officinalis var. Red bay persea borbonia red mangrove rhizophora mangle sandhill prarie clover dalea spp. Avicennia germinans black mangrove aggie horticulture. The sapwood is white and the heartwood pale brown, darkening on exposure, fairly hard and durable, and termiteproof. Avicennia albabaen avicennia germinansblack mangrove. Sdnhm avicennia germinans black mangrove, mangle negro. Opposite, simple, evergreen, leathery, elliptical to obovate, 2 to 5 inches long, dark green above, silvery hairy below, may have salt deposits on their upper surfaces due to salt excretion. Over the last several decades, the distribution of the black mangrove avicennia germinans in the gulf of mexico has expanded, in part because. Avicennia has a wide geographical distribution, with members found in intertidal estuaries along many of the worlds tropical and warm temperate coasts. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information.
It is commonly known as api api which in the malay language means fires, a reference to the. Salt management in rhizophora mangle and avicennia germinans. Acanthaceae, sometimes alternatively placed in verbenaceae or with a more narrow interpretation of the. Temperature thresholds for black mangrove avicennia. Ecosystem effects of expanding populations of avicennia. The trees are easy to distinguish because they have opposite decussate leaves growing on young, square, rising branches with leaf scars. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. Leon levy native plant preserve plant listings avicennia. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Distribution and morphological adaptations of avicennia marina in the sundarbans nizam uddin farooqui and c. Johnson and others published range expansion of black mangroves avicennia germinans to the mississippi barrier islands. Avicennia germinans black mangrove vessel architecture is linked to chilling and salinity tolerance in the gulf of mexico eric n. There are three main species of mangroves in guyana, avicennia germinans black mangrove.
Avicennia germinans grows as a low shrub to tall tree up to ten meters with trunks up to 75 cm wide. Distribution and morphological adaptations of avicennia. Reproductive ecology of black mangrove avicennia germinans. Avicennia germinans black mangrove northward into temperate salt marshes dominated by the marsh grass, spartina alterniflora. Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, is a shrub in the acanthus family, acanthaceae. Avicennia elliptica holm, 1821 avicennia elliptica thunb. Pdf avicennia germinans black mangrove vessel architecture is. Range expansion of black mangroves avicennia germinans. Usda nrcs plant materials center, golden meadow, louisiana.
Despite its name, this is the lightest in color of the mangroves. The fruit is used as an insect repellent, and the salt exuded from the leaves is edible. During high tide, these plants may be partially submerged. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. It is commonly known as api api which in the malay language means fires, a reference to the fact that fireflies often congregate on these trees. Applications commercialpractical though the wood of black mangrove is hard, it cracks easily. Media in category avicennia germinans the following 47 files are in this category, out of 47 total. The species name, germinans, is the latin term for germination. Acrobatic pollinator florida carpenter ant 9112104230. The species of rhizophoraceae are well known for their long torpedoshaped. Common name black mangrove prevarietal source pelican germplasm similar species red mangrove rhizophora mangle and white mangrove luguncularia racemosa description black mangrove is a subtropical woody shrub that grows in salt marshes. We conducted a series of field and greenhouse studies to track propagule production in years of high and low disturbances i.
One of the best features used to identify a black mangrove is by its. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Avicenniaceae black mangrove family this species is sometimes placed into the verbenaceae vervain family by some taxonomists. Schaeffernovelli, in coastal plant communities of latin america, 1992. This mangrove is found further inland that the red and white mangrove due to its tolerance to salt water. Uses information on avicennia species is confused, due to the difficulty, historically at any rate, of distinguishing the species.
Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of avicennia germinans black mangrove discover life. Presently, black mangrove occurs in fl, ga, pr, tx, and the virgin islands kartesz, 1999. Development of seinet, symbiota, and several of the specimen databases have been supported by national science foundation grants dbi 99832, brc 0237418, dbi. Red mangrove rhizophora mangle, black mangrove avicennia germinans, white mangrove laguncularia racemosa, buttonwood conocarpus erectus instant id red. Avicenniaceae verbenaceae black mangrove the genus avicennia contains about 15 species which grow along tropical and subtropical shores.
This paper will examine the current understanding of these strategies and how the strategies affect the plant. Regarding the timber useage, burkill quotes foxworthy, altogether it a very unsatisfactory woodthe least useful of the mangroveswamp woodsand the tree is usually considered as a weed in the swamps. Avicennia germinans ufifas center for aquatic and invasive. The genus avicennia was dedicated in honor of abu sina, latinized as avicennia 9801036 ad, of bokhara, arab physician and philosopher. Pronunciation of avicennia germinans with 1 audio pronunciation and more for avicennia germinans. The structure of the new compound was established by spectroscopic methods.
This is because the black mangrove is capable of withstanding freezing temperatures for up to 12 hours. Avicennia plants have a number of ethnobotanical applications. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the americas, on both the atlantic and pacific coasts, and on the atlantic coast of tropical africa, where it thrives on the sandy and muddy shores that seawater reaches. Predation restricts black mangrove avicennia germinans colonization at its. Growth and survival of avicennia germinans seedlings in a. Avicennia germinans black mangrove vessel architecture. Ianare sevi creative commons attributionshare alike 3. Johnson and others published range expansion of black mangroves avicennia germinans to the. Development of seinet, symbiota, and several of the specimen databases have been supported by national science foundation grants dbi 99832, brc 0237418, dbi 0743827, dbi 0847966. The red mangrove rhizophora mangle and the black mangrove avicennia germinans are two common newworld mangroves which employ different strategies for coping with salt.
It is commonly included with the family verbenaceae. Avicennia germinans in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. In mangroves, several mechanisms regeneration from persistent trunk portions avicennia, laguncularia, the ability to occupy sites by reclining branches and distal. In louisiana, black mangroves were historically restricted to the southernmost barrier islands and beaches.
Avicennia germinans black mangrove northward into temperate salt marshes dominated by the marsh grass. In doing so, fnps is not attesting to the accuracy of any information on the fann webite. However, it has been used in a variety of ways, mainly as posts and flooring. Avicennia was named for an iranian philosopher and physician who lived from 980 to 1037 a.
Fnps provides this link to assist users in finding sources for native plants. Plants profile for avicennia germinans black mangrove. Spiderwortdayflower tradescantia virginiana white mangrove laguncularia racemosa august black mangrove avicennia germinans goldenrod solidago spp. The leaves are arranged oppositely, lanceolate in shape and will exude salt crystals over their lower surface. Black mangrove is a native tree of floridas peninsular tidal swamps. Pdf range expansion of black mangroves avicennia germinans. From everything ive read, this is the only mangrove species that grows in louisiana. Three plant zones can be delineated at the study site. Pdf over the last several decades, the distribution of the black mangrove avicennia germinans in the gulf of mexico has expanded, in part because it. Hysteresis is the degree to which the path of the restoration process is an exact reversal of the retrogression path. Florida honey bee plants 8 month common name scientific name july cont. The genus avicennia contains about 15 species which grow along tropical and subtropical shores. The thing that sets black mangroves apart from other mangroves is the long heavy roots which grow extensions pneumatophores that aid in gas exchange and coincidentally trap silt to.
Plant fact sheet black mangrove salinity levels fluctuate. Hence, biomass recovery levels during the first post. It contains mangrove trees, which occur in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas and are characterized by its pencil roots which are aerial roots. Avicennia, genus comprising at least eight species of trees or shrubs in the family acanthaceae.
Black mangrove has opposite leaves, pale graygreen, shiny above, and often found. Avicennia is a genus of flowering plants currently placed in the bears breeches family, acanthaceae. The word mangrove was usually believed as chief compound of portuguese word mangue and english word grove. Ecosystem effects of expanding populations of avicennia germinans. Avicennia germinansblack mangrove, blacktree, blackwood, honey mangrove, mangle blanco, saltbush. Iridoid glucosides from avicennia germinans sciencedirect. Avicennia germinans is an evergreentree that averages 14 to 15 m in height. Avicennia germinans, black mangrove 2 they stabilize sediments and protect the shoreline from erosion. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Mostly used words in french were manglier and paletuvier 1. A tree to about 1517m high, of brackish lagoons and river estuaries, common at such localities throughout the atlantic seaboard of the whole region, and extending to zaire and also on the tropical western side of the atlantic ocean. Avicennia germinans, black mangrove edis university of florida. His alias was avicenna but his real name was abu ali alhusayn ibn abd allah ibn sina. In the past, it was an important source of fuel as charcoal.
Avicennia germinans lighter colored leaves, single trunk and rhizophora mangle darker leaves, multiple trunks on beach in florida photograph by. Black mangrove avicennia germinans reproduces by producing propagules through the process of cryptovivipary, which requires a significant energy investment. White, 4 petaled flowers, occurring in coneshaped clusters, 1 to 2 inches long near branch tips. There is only one species in the avicennia family in florida wunderlin, 2003. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Some members of fann may provide services that do not further the fnps mission, and this link should not be. Tea prepared from the bark of some species is believed to treat a variety of digestive.
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