It is commonly included with the family verbenaceae. The thing that sets black mangroves apart from other mangroves is the long heavy roots which grow extensions pneumatophores that aid in gas exchange and coincidentally trap silt to. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. Acrobatic pollinator florida carpenter ant 9112104230. Fnps provides this link to assist users in finding sources for native plants. Schaeffernovelli, in coastal plant communities of latin america, 1992. In the past, it was an important source of fuel as charcoal. The species of rhizophoraceae are well known for their long torpedoshaped. The sapwood is white and the heartwood pale brown, darkening on exposure, fairly hard and durable, and termiteproof. Red bay persea borbonia red mangrove rhizophora mangle sandhill prarie clover dalea spp. Uses information on avicennia species is confused, due to the difficulty, historically at any rate, of distinguishing the species. Avicennia plants have a number of ethnobotanical applications.
This paper will examine the current understanding of these strategies and how the strategies affect the plant. Development of seinet, symbiota, and several of the specimen databases have been supported by national science foundation grants dbi 99832, brc 0237418, dbi 0743827, dbi 0847966. Pdf avicennia germinans black mangrove vessel architecture is. Growth and survival of avicennia germinans seedlings in a. One of the best features used to identify a black mangrove is by its. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Black mangrove has opposite leaves, pale graygreen, shiny above, and often found.
Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of avicennia germinans black mangrove discover life. Black mangrove is a native tree of floridas peninsular tidal swamps. Media in category avicennia germinans the following 47 files are in this category, out of 47 total. Pronunciation of avicennia germinans with 1 audio pronunciation and more for avicennia germinans. Avicennia germinans grows as a low shrub to tall tree up to ten meters with trunks up to 75 cm wide. The structure of the new compound was established by spectroscopic methods. Spiderwortdayflower tradescantia virginiana white mangrove laguncularia racemosa august black mangrove avicennia germinans goldenrod solidago spp. There is only one species in the avicennia family in florida wunderlin, 2003.
Despite its name, this is the lightest in color of the mangroves. The leaves are arranged oppositely, lanceolate in shape and will exude salt crystals over their lower surface. Hysteresis is the degree to which the path of the restoration process is an exact reversal of the retrogression path. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Avicennia germinansblack mangrove, blacktree, blackwood, honey mangrove, mangle blanco, saltbush. Leon levy native plant preserve plant listings avicennia.
The wood is commonly used as fuel and for construction, and the leaves can be fed to cattle as fodder. Usda nrcs plant materials center, golden meadow, louisiana. Avicennia is a genus of flowering plants currently placed in the bears breeches family, acanthaceae. Avicennia germinans black mangrove vessel architecture. It is commonly known as api api which in the malay language means fires, a reference to the. Presently, black mangrove occurs in fl, ga, pr, tx, and the virgin islands kartesz, 1999. Avicennia germinans ufifas center for aquatic and invasive. Black mangrove avicennia germinans reproduces by producing propagules through the process of cryptovivipary, which requires a significant energy investment. Temperature thresholds for black mangrove avicennia. Avicennia germinans black mangrove vessel architecture is linked to chilling and salinity tolerance in the gulf of mexico eric n. Avicennia elliptica holm, 1821 avicennia elliptica thunb. In doing so, fnps is not attesting to the accuracy of any information on the fann webite. Red mangrove rhizophora mangle, black mangrove avicennia germinans, white mangrove laguncularia racemosa, buttonwood conocarpus erectus instant id red. The fruit is used as an insect repellent, and the salt exuded from the leaves is edible.
This is because the black mangrove is capable of withstanding freezing temperatures for up to 12 hours. It contains mangrove trees, which occur in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas and are characterized by its pencil roots which are aerial roots. Ianare sevi creative commons attributionshare alike 3. This mangrove is found further inland that the red and white mangrove due to its tolerance to salt water. Avicennia germinans black mangrove northward into temperate salt marshes dominated by the marsh grass. Regarding the timber useage, burkill quotes foxworthy, altogether it a very unsatisfactory woodthe least useful of the mangroveswamp woodsand the tree is usually considered as a weed in the swamps. Avicenniaceae black mangrove family this species is sometimes placed into the verbenaceae vervain family by some taxonomists. Avicennia, genus comprising at least eight species of trees or shrubs in the family acanthaceae. Salt management in rhizophora mangle and avicennia germinans. Development of seinet, symbiota, and several of the specimen databases have been supported by national science foundation grants dbi 99832, brc 0237418, dbi. Black mangrove avicennia africana, avicennia elliptica, avicennia floridana, avicennia nitida, avicennia oblongifolia, avicennia officinalis var. Johnson and others published range expansion of black mangroves avicennia germinans to the. Range expansion of black mangroves avicennia germinans.
Tea prepared from the bark of some species is believed to treat a variety of digestive. Avicenniaceae verbenaceae black mangrove the genus avicennia contains about 15 species which grow along tropical and subtropical shores. From everything ive read, this is the only mangrove species that grows in louisiana. It is commonly known as api api which in the malay language means fires, a reference to the fact that fireflies often congregate on these trees. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Predation restricts black mangrove avicennia germinans colonization at its. Reproductive ecology of black mangrove avicennia germinans. The red mangrove rhizophora mangle and the black mangrove avicennia germinans are two common newworld mangroves which employ different strategies for coping with salt. Avicennia germinans black mangrove northward into temperate salt marshes dominated by the marsh grass, spartina alterniflora.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Over the last several decades, the distribution of the black mangrove avicennia germinans in the gulf of mexico has expanded, in part because. His alias was avicenna but his real name was abu ali alhusayn ibn abd allah ibn sina. Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, is a shrub in the acanthus family, acanthaceae. Florida honey bee plants 8 month common name scientific name july cont. Avicennia germinans in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. During high tide, these plants may be partially submerged. Sdnhm avicennia germinans black mangrove, mangle negro. Distribution and morphological adaptations of avicennia. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the americas, on both the atlantic and pacific coasts, and on the atlantic coast of tropical africa, where it thrives on the sandy and muddy shores that seawater reaches. Applications commercialpractical though the wood of black mangrove is hard, it cracks easily. Avicennia germinans is an evergreentree that averages 14 to 15 m in height.
Common name black mangrove prevarietal source pelican germplasm similar species red mangrove rhizophora mangle and white mangrove luguncularia racemosa description black mangrove is a subtropical woody shrub that grows in salt marshes. White, 4 petaled flowers, occurring in coneshaped clusters, 1 to 2 inches long near branch tips. Hence, biomass recovery levels during the first post. Ecosystem effects of expanding populations of avicennia. Mostly used words in french were manglier and paletuvier 1. Avicennia was named for an iranian philosopher and physician who lived from 980 to 1037 a. Acanthaceae, sometimes alternatively placed in verbenaceae or with a more narrow interpretation of the. Distribution and morphological adaptations of avicennia marina in the sundarbans nizam uddin farooqui and c. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. The genus avicennia contains about 15 species which grow along tropical and subtropical shores.
Avicennia germinans, black mangrove 2 they stabilize sediments and protect the shoreline from erosion. There are three main species of mangroves in guyana, avicennia germinans black mangrove. Avicennia germinans, black mangrove edis university of florida. The trees are easy to distinguish because they have opposite decussate leaves growing on young, square, rising branches with leaf scars.
The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Avicennia albabaen avicennia germinansblack mangrove. The term vloedbosschen is used by the dutch for the mangrove community and when they talk about the single or individual trees they. Opposite, simple, evergreen, leathery, elliptical to obovate, 2 to 5 inches long, dark green above, silvery hairy below, may have salt deposits on their upper surfaces due to salt excretion. Johnson and others published range expansion of black mangroves avicennia germinans to the mississippi barrier islands. Pdf range expansion of black mangroves avicennia germinans.
A tree to about 1517m high, of brackish lagoons and river estuaries, common at such localities throughout the atlantic seaboard of the whole region, and extending to zaire and also on the tropical western side of the atlantic ocean. The genus avicennia was dedicated in honor of abu sina, latinized as avicennia 9801036 ad, of bokhara, arab physician and philosopher. We conducted a series of field and greenhouse studies to track propagule production in years of high and low disturbances i. The species name, germinans, is the latin term for germination. The word mangrove was usually believed as chief compound of portuguese word mangue and english word grove. Some members of fann may provide services that do not further the fnps mission, and this link should not be. Plant fact sheet black mangrove salinity levels fluctuate. Ecosystem effects of expanding populations of avicennia germinans.
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